[Amagqabantshintshi ophuhliso kunye neempawu ze-vacuum circuit breaker]: i-vacuum circuit breaker ibhekiselele kwi-breaker circuit enokuthi abafowunelwa bavalwe kwaye bavulwe kwi-vacuum.Izixhobo zokucima umbane ekuqaleni zahlolisiswa yiUnited Kingdom neUnited States, zaza zaphuhliswa zaba yiJapan, iJamani, indawo eyayisakuba yiSoviet Union namanye amazwe.I-China yaqala ukufunda ithiyori ye-vacuum ye-circuit breaker ukusuka ngo-1959, kwaye yavelisa ngokusesikweni ii-vacuum breaker zesekethe ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1970.
I-vacuum circuit breaker ibhekisela kwi-breaker circuit enokuthi uqhagamshelwano lwabo luvaliwe kwaye luvulwe kwi-vacuum.
Izixhobo zokucima umbane ekuqaleni zahlolisiswa yiUnited Kingdom neUnited States, zaza zaphuhliswa zaba yiJapan, iJamani, indawo eyayisakuba yiSoviet Union namanye amazwe.I-China yaqala ukufunda ithiyori ye-vacuum breakers ngo-1959, kwaye yavelisa ngokusesikweni iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-vacuum circuit breakers ekuqaleni koo-1970.Ukwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha okuqhubekayo kunye nokuphuculwa kobugcisa bokuvelisa obufana ne-vacuum interrupter, indlela yokusebenza kunye nenqanaba le-insulation yenze ukuba i-vacuum breaker iphuhlise ngokukhawuleza, kwaye uchungechunge lweempumelelo ezibalulekileyo zenziwe kuphando lomthamo omkhulu, i-miniaturization, ingqiqo kunye nokuthembeka.
Ngezinto ezilungileyo zeempawu zokucima i-arc ezilungileyo, ezifanelekileyo ukusebenza rhoqo, ubomi obude bombane, ukuthembeka okuphezulu kokusebenza, kunye nokugcinwa kwexesha elide, i-vacuum breakers isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kuguquko lwegridi yamandla ezidolophini nasezilalini, ishishini lemichiza, isinyithi, uloliwe. ukufakelwa kombane, imigodi kunye namanye amashishini kushishino lwamandla lwaseTshayina.Iimveliso zivela kwiindidi ezininzi ze-ZN1-ZN5 kwixesha elidlulileyo ukuya kwiimodeli ezininzi kunye neentlobo ngoku.Ukulinganiswa kwangoku kufikelele kwi-4000A, ukuphulwa kwangoku kufikelela kwi-5OKA, kunye ne-63kA, kwaye i-voltage ifikelela kwi-35kV.
Uphuhliso kunye neempawu ze-vacuum circuit breaker ziya kubonakala kwiinkalo ezininzi eziphambili, kubandakanywa ukuphuhliswa kwe-vacuum interrupter, ukuphuhliswa kwendlela yokusebenza kunye nokuphuhliswa kwesakhiwo sokufakelwa.
Uphuhliso kunye neempawu zeziphazamisi zevacuum
2.1Ukuphuhliswa kweziphazamisi zevacuum
Umbono wokusebenzisa i-vacuum medium ukucima i-arc yabekwa phambili ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, kwaye isiphazamisi sokuqala se-vacuum senziwa ngo-1920s.Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokunciphisa itekhnoloji ye-vacuum, izixhobo kunye namanye amanqanaba obugcisa, kwakungekho nto isebenzayo ngelo xesha.Ukususela ngo-1950, kunye nokuphuhliswa kobuchwepheshe obutsha, iingxaki ezininzi ekwenziweni kweziphazamisi ze-vacuum ziye zasonjululwa, kwaye ukutshintshwa kwe-vacuum kuye kwafikelela kwinqanaba elisebenzayo.Phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1950, iGeneral Electric Company yase-United States yavelisa ibhetshi yezaphuli zesekethe ezinomlinganiselo wokuqhawula umsinga we-12KA.Emva koko, ekupheleni kwe-1950s, ngenxa yokuphuhliswa kweziphazamisi ze-vacuum kunye noqhagamshelwano olunqamlekileyo lwamagnetic field, i-breaking current elinganisiweyo yaphakanyiswa kwi-3OKA.Emva kwe-1970s, i-Toshiba Electric Company yaseJapan iphuhlise ngempumelelo i-vacuum interrupter kunye ne-longitudinal magnetic field contacts, eyandisa ngakumbi i-breaking current kwi-5OKA.Okwangoku, i-vacuum circuit breakers isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwi-1KV kunye ne-35kV iinkqubo zokusasaza amandla, kwaye i-breaking current ilinganiselwe inokufikelela kwi-5OKA-100KAo.Amanye amazwe avelise iziphazamisi ze-vacuum ezingama-72kV/84kV, kodwa inani lincinci.DC high-voltage generator
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, imveliso ye-vacuum breakers e-China iye yaphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza.Okwangoku, itekhnoloji yeziphazamisi zevacuum yasekhaya ikwinqanaba elifanayo neleemveliso zangaphandle.Kukho iziphazamisi ze-vacuum ezisebenzisa itekhnoloji yemagnethi ethe nkqo kunye nethe tyaba kunye netekhnoloji yoqhagamshelwano oluphakathi.Abafowunelwa abenziwe ngezinto ze-Cu Cr alloy baye baqhawula ngempumelelo i-5OKA kunye ne-63kAo i-vacuum interrupters e-China, efikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu.I-vacuum circuit breaker inokusebenzisa ngokupheleleyo iziphazamisi ze-vacuum zasekhaya.
2.2Iimpawu zesiphazamisi sevacuum
Igumbi lokucima i-arc ye-vacuum liyinxalenye ephambili ye-vacuum circuit breaker.Ixhaswa kwaye itywinwe ngeglasi okanye i-ceramics.Kukho abafowunelwa abaguqukayo kunye nabazinzileyo kunye nezikhuselo ezikhuselayo ngaphakathi.Kukho uxinzelelo olubi kwigumbi.Idigri ye-vacuum yi-133 × 10 iNine 133 × LOJPa, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo kokucima i-arc kunye nenqanaba lokufakwa kwe-insulation xa iphula.Xa idigri ye-vacuum iyancipha, ukusebenza kwayo kokuphuka kuya kuncitshiswa kakhulu.Ke ngoko, igumbi lokucima i-arc yevacuum aliyi kuchaphazeleka nangawuphi na amandla angaphandle, kwaye aliyi kunkqonkqozwa okanye liqhwatywe ngezandla.Ayiyi kugxininiswa ngexesha lokuhamba kunye nokugcinwa.Akuvumelekanga ukubeka nantoni na kwi-vacuum circuit breaker ukukhusela i-vacuum arc yokucima igumbi ukuba yonakaliswe xa iwa.Ngaphambi kokunikezelwa, i-vacuum circuit breaker iya kujongwa ngokungqongqo kwi-parallelism kunye nendibano.Ngexesha lokugcinwa, zonke iibholithi zegumbi lokucima i-arc ziya kufakwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe uxinzelelo olufanayo.
I-vacuum circuit breaker iphazamisa i-current kwaye icime i-arc kwi-vacuum arc yokucima igumbi.Nangona kunjalo, i-vacuum circuit breaker ngokwayo ayinaso isixhobo sokubeka iliso ngokomgangatho kunye nobungakanani beempawu zedigri ye-vacuum, ngoko ke impazamo yokunciphisa iqondo le-vacuum yimpazamo efihliweyo.Kwangaxeshanye, ukucutha isidanga vacuum kuya kuchaphazela ngokunzulu isakhono ivacuum wesekethe ukunqumla phezu-yangoku, kwaye kukhokelela ukwehla kabukhali kubomi benkonzo yomahluli wesekethe, nto leyo eya kukhokelela ukuqhuma iswitshi xa nzulu.
Ukushwankathela, ingxaki ephambili ye-vacuum interrupter kukuba idigri ye-vacuum iyancitshiswa.Ezona zizathu ziphambili zokunciphisa ivacuum zezi zilandelayo.
(1) I-vacuum circuit breaker yinxalenye ethambileyo.Emva kokushiya umzi-mveliso, umzi-mveliso wetyhubhu ye-elektroniki unokuba nokuvuza kweglasi okanye izitywina ze-ceramic emva kwamaxesha amaninzi okuhamba, ukothuka kofakelo, ukungqubana ngengozi, njl.
(2) Kukho iingxaki kwizinto eziphathekayo okanye kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-vacuum interrupter, kwaye iindawo zokuvuza zivela emva kokusebenza okuninzi.
3 ukuncitshiswa kwesidanga sevacuum.DC high-voltage generator
Indlela yonyango yokunciphisa iqondo levacuum yesiphazamisi sevacuum:
Qwalasela isiphazamisi sevacuum rhoqo, kwaye usebenzise rhoqo umvavanyi wevacuum wokutshintsha ukulinganisa ubungakanani beqondo lesiphazamisi sevacuum, ukuze uqinisekise ukuba iqondo lokufunxa lesiphazamisi sevacuum likuluhlu oluchaziweyo;Xa iqondo le-vacuum liyancipha, isiphazamisi se-vacuum kufuneka sitshintshwe, kwaye iimvavanyo zempawu ezifana ne-stroke, ukuvumelanisa kunye ne-bounce kufuneka zenziwe kakuhle.
3. Ukuphuhliswa kwendlela yokusebenza
Indlela yokusebenza yenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo zokuvavanya ukusebenza kwe-vacuum circuit breaker.Esona sizathu siphambili esichaphazela ukuthembeka kwe-vacuum circuit breaker yimpawu zomatshini wendlela yokusebenza.Ngokophuhliso lwendlela yokusebenza, inokwahlulwa ibe ngamacandelo alandelayo.DC high-voltage generator
3.1Indlela yokusebenza ngesandla
Indlela yokusebenza exhomekeke ekuvaleni ngokuthe ngqo ibizwa ngokuba yi-manual operating mechanism, esetyenziswa ikakhulu ukusebenzisa ii-breakers zesekethe ezinomgangatho ophantsi wombane kunye ne-low rated current.Umatshini wezandla awufane usetyenziswe kumasebe ombane angaphandle ngaphandle kwamashishini nemigodi.Indlela yokusebenza ye-manual ilula kwisakhiwo, ayifuni izixhobo ezincedisayo eziyinkimbinkimbi kwaye inobungozi ukuba ayikwazi ukuvala ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye iqhutywe kuphela kwindawo, engakhuselekanga ngokwaneleyo.Ke ngoko, umatshini wokusebenza owenziwe ngesandla uphantse wathatyathelwa indawo ngumatshini wokusebenza wasentwasahlobo kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla okwenziwa ngesandla.
3.2Indlela yokusebenza ye-Electromagnetic
Indlela yokusebenza evalwa ngamandla ombane wombane ibizwa ngokuba yi-electromagnetic operating mechanism d.Umatshini we-CD17 uphuhliswa ngolungelelwaniso kunye neemveliso zasekhaya ze-ZN28-12.Ngokwesakhiwo, ikwacwangciswe ngaphambili nangasemva kwesiphazamisi sevacuum.
Izibonelelo zendlela yokusebenza ye-electromagnetic yindlela elula, ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kunye neendleko eziphantsi zokwenziwa.Ukungalungi kukuba amandla asetyenziswe yi-coil yokuvala makhulu kakhulu, kwaye kufuneka alungiswe [Amagqabantshintshi ophuhliso kunye neempawu ze-vacuum circuit breaker]: I-vacuum circuit breaker ibhekisela kwi-breaker circuit abafowunelwa bavaliwe kwaye bavulwa. kwi vacuum.Izixhobo zokucima umbane ekuqaleni zahlolisiswa yiUnited Kingdom neUnited States, zaza zaphuhliswa zaba yiJapan, iJamani, indawo eyayisakuba yiSoviet Union namanye amazwe.I-China yaqala ukufunda ithiyori ye-vacuum ye-circuit breaker ukusuka ngo-1959, kwaye yavelisa ngokusesikweni ii-vacuum breaker zesekethe ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1970.
Iibhetri ezixabisa kakhulu, ukuvala kwangoku okukhulu, ulwakhiwo olukhulu, ixesha elide lokusebenza, kunye nokunciphisa ngokuthe ngcembe isabelo semarike.
3.3Indlela yokusebenza yaseNtwasahlobo ye-DC high-voltage generator
Indlela yokusebenza yasentwasahlobo isebenzisa umthombo wamandla ogciniweyo njengamandla okwenza iswitshi iqonde isenzo sokuvala.Inokuqhutywa ngabasebenzi okanye amandla amancinci e-AC kunye neenjini ze-DC, ngoko ke amandla okuvala awachatshazelwa zizinto zangaphandle (ezifana nombane wombane, uxinzelelo lomoya lomthombo womoya, uxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic yomthombo woxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic), engenakho kuphela. ukufikelela kwisantya esiphezulu sokuvala, kodwa kwakhona uqaphele ukuvala okuzenzekelayo okuphindaphindiweyo;Ukongeza, xa kuthelekiswa nendlela yokusebenza ye-electromagnetic, indlela yokusebenza yasentwasahlobo inexabiso eliphantsi kunye nexabiso eliphantsi.Yeyona ndlela isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-vacuum circuit breaker, kwaye abavelisi bayo nabo baninzi, abahlala bephucula.Iindlela ze-CT17 kunye ne-CT19 ziqhelekileyo, kwaye i-ZN28-17, i-VS1 kunye ne-VGl isetyenziswa kunye nabo.
Ngokubanzi, umatshini wokusebenza wasentwasahlobo unamakhulu endawo, kwaye indlela yokuhambisa intsonkothile, inezinga eliphezulu lokungaphumeleli, iindawo ezininzi ezihambayo kunye neemfuno eziphezulu zenkqubo yokwenziwa.Ukongezelela, ukwakhiwa kwendlela yokusebenza kwentwasahlobo kuyinkimbinkimbi, kwaye kukho iindawo ezininzi zokungqubuzana kwe-sliding, kwaye uninzi lwazo lukwiindawo eziphambili.Ngethuba lokusebenza kwexesha elide, ukuguga kunye nokubola kwezi nxalenye, kunye nokulahlekelwa kunye nokunyangwa kwe-lubricant, kuya kukhokelela kwiimpazamo zokusebenza.Kukho ubukhulu becala ezi ntsilelo zilandelayo.
(1) Umqhubi wesiphaluka wenqaba ukusebenza, oko kukuthi, uthumela umqondiso wokusebenza kwi-breaker circuit ngaphandle kokuvala okanye ukuvula.
(2) Umtshini awukwazi ukuvalwa okanye unqanyulwe emva kokuvala.
(3) Kwimeko yengozi, isenzo sokukhusela i-relay kunye ne-circuit breaker ayikwazi ukunqunyulwa.
(4) Tshisa ikhoyili yokuvala.
Ukusilela kwesizathu sohlalutyo lwendlela yokusebenza:
I-breaker circuit iyala ukusebenza, enokuthi ibangelwe kukulahlekelwa kwamandla ombane okanye ukungabikho kwamandla ombane osebenzayo, ukuqhawula umbhobho wokusebenza, ukuqhawula i-coil yokuvala okanye i-coil yokuvula, kunye noqhagamshelwano olubi lwabafowunelwa abancedisayo. kumatshini.
Umtshintshi awukwazi ukuvalwa okanye ukuvulwa emva kokuvalwa, okunokuthi kubangelwa ukungabikho kwamandla ombane osebenzayo, ukuhamba ngokugqithisileyo koqhagamshelwano loqhagamshelwano oluhambayo lwe-breaker circuit, ukuqhawulwa koqhagamshelwano oludibeneyo lwe-switch encedisayo, kunye nenani elincinci kakhulu ukudibanisa phakathi kwe-half shaft yendlela yokusebenza kunye ne-pawl;
Ngethuba lengozi, isenzo sokukhusela i-relay kunye ne-breaker circuit ayikwazanga ukunqanyulwa.Kungenzeka ukuba kukho izinto zangaphandle kumbindi wentsimbi wokuvula othintele umbindi wentsimbi ekusebenzeni ngokuguquguqukayo, i-shaft yokuvula isiqingatha ayikwazanga ukujikeleza ngokuguquguqukayo, kwaye isekethe yokusebenza yokuvula yaqhawulwa.
Izizathu ezinokwenzeka zokutshisa i-coil yokuvala zezi: i-DC contactor ayikwazi ukunqunyulwa emva kokuvala, i-switch encedisayo ayiguquki kwindawo yokuvula emva kokuvalwa, kwaye i-axiliary switch ikhululekile.
3.4Umatshini wemagnethi osisigxina
Umatshini osisigxina wemagnethi usebenzisa umgaqo omtsha wokusebenza ukudibanisa ngokwendalo indlela ye-electromagnetic kunye nemagnethi esisigxina, ukunqanda izinto ezingalunganga ezibangelwa kukukhubeka koomatshini kwindawo yokuvala kunye nokuvula kunye nenkqubo yokutshixa.Amandla okubamba awenziwe yimagnethi esisigxina anokugcina i-vacuum circuit breaker kwindawo yokuvala kunye nokuvula xa kukho nawuphi na amandla omatshini afunekayo.Ixhotyiswe ngenkqubo yokulawula ukuqonda yonke imisebenzi efunwa yi-vacuum circuit breaker.Inokwahlulwa ikakhulu ibe ziindidi ezimbini: i-monostable esisigxina ye-magnetic actuator kunye ne-bistable esisigxina ye-magnetic actuator.Umgaqo-nkqubo wokusebenza we-bistable osisigxina we-activator magnetic kukuba ukuvulwa kunye nokuvalwa kwe-activator kuxhomekeke kumandla ombane osisigxina;Umgaqo osebenzayo we-monostable esisigxina yokusebenza kwamagnetic kukuvulwa ngokukhawuleza ngoncedo lwemithombo yokugcina amandla kunye nokugcina indawo yokuvula.Ukuvala kuphela kunokugcina amandla emagnethi esisigxina.Eyona mveliso iphambili yeTrede Electric yi-monostable magnetic actuator, kwaye amashishini asekhaya ikakhulu aphuhlisa i-bistable esisigxina yemagnethi actuator.
Ulwakhiwo lwe-bistable actuator umazibuthe osisigxina luyahluka, kodwa kukho iintlobo ezimbini kuphela zemigaqo: uhlobo lwekhoyili ephindwe kabini (uhlobo olulinganayo) kunye nohlobo lwekhoyili enye (uhlobo olulinganayo).Ezi zakhiwo zimbini zaziswa ngokufutshane apha ngezantsi.
(1) Ikhoyili ephindwe kabini imatshini yemagnethi esisigxina
Ikhoyili ephindwe kabini yemagnethi esisigxina ibonakaliswa: usebenzisa umazibuthe osisigxina ukugcina i-vacuum breaker yesekethe kwindawo yokuvula kunye neendawo zokuvala ngokulandelelana, usebenzisa ikhoyili yokuvuselela ukutyhala umbindi wentsimbi wesixhobo ukusuka kwindawo yokuvula ukuya kwindawo yokuvala enye ikhoyili yokuvuselela ukutyhala umbindi wentsimbi womatshini ukusuka kwindawo yokuvala ukuya kwindawo yokuvula.Umzekelo, isixhobo sokutshintsha iVMl se-ABB samkela esi sakhiwo.
(2) Ikhoyili enye esisigxina umazibuthe
Isixhobo semagnethi esisisigxina sikwasebenzisa iimagnethi ezisisigxina ukugcina i-vacuum breaker ikwindawo ezisikelwe umda zokuvula nokuvala, kodwa ikhoyili enye eyonwabisayo isetyenziselwa ukuvula nokuvala.Kwakhona kukho iikhoyili ezimbini zokuvuselela ukuvula nokuvala, kodwa iikhoyili ezimbini zisecaleni elifanayo, kwaye ulwalathiso lokuhamba kwekhoyili ehambelanayo luchasana.Umgaqo wayo uyafana naleyo yekhoyili enye esisigxina umazibuthe.Amandla okuvala ngokuyinhloko avela kwikhoyili yokuvuselela, kwaye amandla okuvula ngokuyinhloko avela kwintwasahlobo yokuvula.Umzekelo, ikholamu ye-GVR ifakwe i-vacuum breaker yesekethe eyasungulwa yiNkampani ye-Whipp&Bourne e-UK yamkela le ndlela.
Ngokwezi mpawu zingentla zomatshini wemagnethi osisigxina, iingenelo zayo kunye nokungalunganga kunokushwankathelwa.Iinzuzo kukuba isakhiwo silula, xa kuthelekiswa nomatshini wasentwasahlobo, amacandelo ayo ancitshiswa malunga ne-60%;Ngamacandelo ambalwa, izinga lokungaphumeleli liya kuncitshiswa, ngoko ukuthembeka kuphezulu;Ubomi obude benkonzo yesixhobo;Ubungakanani obuncinci kunye nobunzima obulula.Ukungalungi kukuba ngokubhekiselele kwiimpawu zokuvula, ngenxa yokuba i-iron core ehambayo ithatha inxaxheba kwintshukumo yokuvula, i-inertia yentshukumo yenkqubo ehambayo iyanda kakhulu xa ivula, engathandeki kakhulu ukuphucula isantya sokuvulwa okuqinileyo;Ngenxa yamandla aphezulu okusebenza, inqunyelwe ngumthamo we-capacitor.
4. Ukuphuhliswa kwesakhiwo se-insulation
Ngokwezibalo kunye nohlalutyo lweentlobo zengozi ekusebenzeni kwamaqhekeza aphezulu-voltage kwinkqubo yamandla kazwelonke esekelwe kwiinkcukacha ezifanelekileyo zembali, ukusilela ukuvula ii-akhawunti ze-22,67%;Ukwala ukusebenzisana kwabalelwa kwi-6.48%;Ukuqhekeka nokwenza iingozi zibalelwa kwi-9.07%;Iingozi ze-insulation zibalelwa kuma-35.47%;Ingozi yempazamo ibalelwa kwi-7.02%;Iingozi zokuvalwa komlambo zibalelwa kwi-7.95%;Amandla angaphandle kunye nezinye iingozi zibalelwa kwi-11.439 gross, apho iingozi ze-insulation kunye neengozi zokwaliwa kokwahlukana zibe zezona zibalaseleyo, ezibalela malunga ne-60% yazo zonke iingozi.Ngoko ke, isakhiwo se-insulation siyindawo ephambili ye-vacuum circuit breaker.Ngokotshintsho kunye nophuhliso lwesigaba sokufakelwa kwekholamu, inokwahlulwa ngokwesiseko ibe zizizukulwana ezithathu: ukugquma komoya, ukugquma okuhlanganisiweyo, kunye nokugqunywa kwepali etywiniweyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-22-2022